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The Formation of Feminine Citizenship Identity in Medina: A Case Study of Verse 12 of Surah al-Mumtaḥinah
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Seyyed Ahmad Reza Khezri   , Fatemeh Asgari * |
| university of tehran , asgari.ra.1992@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (2 Views) |
Bayʿat al-Nisāʾ, commanded in verse 12 of Sūrat al-Mumtaḥina, took place after the conquest of Mecca, when the women of Quraysh and other newly converted tribes pledged allegiance to the Prophet (PBUH) in order to enter the Islamic community. This research, employing a descriptive-analytical method and a historical approach, seeks to answer the following question: compared with previous covenants (the First and Second Pledges of ʿAqaba, the Pledge of Riḍwān) and the Constitution of Medina, what innovations did Bayʿat al-Nisāʾ introduce in the formation of "feminine citizenship identity" in Medina? The findings indicate that Bayʿat al-Nisāʾ remedied this gap through three innovations: "recognition of women's independent agency," "explicit definition of women's rights and obligations," and "redefinition of loyalty from tribe to ummah." The sixth condition of Bayʿat al-Nisāʾ, by designating the Prophet (PBUH) as the authority for determining "maʿrūf" liberated women from tribal obedience. Thus, Bayʿat al-Nisāʾ is the "complementary charter of women's citizenship" in the first political system of Islam.
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| Keywords: Identity, Feminine Citizenship, Medina, Condition of Maʿrūf, al-Mumtaḥina. |
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
History of the period of the Prophet of Isalm
Received: 2026/10/7 | Revised: 2026/10/18 | Accepted: 2026/10/15 | Published: 2026/08/1 | ePublished: 2026/08/1
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