Prior to Islam, interfaith relations were in the form of "helf" and "wala".The Prophet (peace be upon him) substituted allegiance in Islam as a divine covenant between the ruler and the condemned, and the people bound by the obligation, albeit without material gain or breach, of a treaty and deserve punishment.
The present study seeks to ask: What is the place of piety in Imam Ali's discourse? Regarding the evolution of devotion during the period of ignorance, the time of the Prophet and the era of the Rashid Caliphs, it can be said in response that Imam Ali (AS) recognized the concepts and instances of allegiance and revived its status as a prophet.
The findings of the study indicate that worship in Islam is a political and sovereign category in solidarity with the Divine Covenant, and with pre-Islamic examples it is merely a literal one in common and has no legitimizing role. Therefore, with the change of allegiance in the era of the Rasheedin Caliphs, Imam Ali (AS) refused to accept popular allegiance and then adopted the terms of divine leadership for the government and revived its prophetic tradition
khezri S A, sharifi asadi Z, razavi S A. The allegiance in the discourse of Imam Ali (as). مطالعات تاریخ اسلام 2020; 12 (45) :93-114 URL: http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-593-en.html