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Modernism in Tunisia: From shaping Critical view to Modernity to the rise of secular nationalism
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Zahra Mirzaei *   , Valiollah Barzegar Klishomi , Ahmad Badkubeh , Abbas Boromandalam |
| qazvin , zahra.mirzaei18@yahoo.com |
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Abstract: (2744 Views) |
| Tunisia, one of the Arab Maghreb countries, like other parts of the Islamic world, became acquainted with modernity in the first decades of the nineteenth century. The first steps of modernization in Tunisia began with the renovations of Ahmad Bey (1837-1855) and his successor and continued until the beginning of French colonization (1881). During this period, the renovations were often material and modeled on European countries, especially France. The arrival of French colonialism (1881-1956) and the growth of religious reform in the region and its influence in Tunisia played a major role in changing the attitude of Muslims in the region towards the West and modernit. Modernist colonial thinkers approached the issue of modernity and the West that gave birth to it in a critical way. The main concern of this discourse was how to empower the Islamic world? What is the way to achieve growth and fundamental reform? Therefore, the main axis of their thinking was the emphasis on the originality of reason and science, the modernization of political, social and cultural institutions in the framework of Arab-Islamic culture. In their view, the path to real reform; Strengthening the position of the Islamic world in the face of Western civilization and distinguishing between the colonial West and its technological achievements. This discourse in order to achieve its goal by producing a semantic system such as; The evolution of the educational and political system, the expression of the existing problems in the society, the types of social and economic inequalities, the danger of internal tyranny and foreign colonization and the expression of signs such as justice and individual and social rights drew a bright and ideal future for the people. Their discourse, by various means, paved the way for their hegemony and marginalization of the rival discourse, the traditionalists. But in the middle of the twentieth century, with the rise of the nationalist discourse, most of which was educated in France, the Islamists failed to offer ideological solutions tailored to the new needs of Tunisian society. They were defeated by the nationalist discourse because they did not have a proper plan to train and create efficient manpower to meet the infrastructure of a modern and developed government in the economic, social, educational and training fields. In the present article, an attempt is made to describe in a descriptive and analytical manner the fields and factors influencing the emergence of critical discourse about modernity, its nature and characteristics, and some of the most important new developments in the political and social spheres. |
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| Keywords: Tunisia, Modernity, Critical view, Modernists, Traditionalists |
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Full-Text [PDF 525 kb]
(630 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Islamic History
Received: 2019/08/27 | Revised: 2020/11/1 | Accepted: 2020/04/7 | ePublished ahead of print: 2020/09/23 | Published: 2020/06/30 | ePublished: 2020/06/30
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