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Examining Instances of Crimes and Punishment of Criminals
from the Beginning of Abbasid Caliphate to al-Mutawakkil era
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Farid Sadeghi *    , Saeed Tavoosi |
| PhD Candidate of Islamic history, Islamic Azad University, Research and Sciences branch, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding author). , farid.sadeghi92@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (1599 Views) |
After the overthrow of the Umayyad rule and the establishment of the Abbasid rule over the Islamic world, the judicial system experienced significant changes. Thus, Many historians believe that during the Abbasid era, the legal and judicial structure became more organized and innovative compared to the past, leading to the explicit formulation of criminal offenses and various punishments for political, economic, and social crimes. The present study is aimed at providing a descriptive and analytical overview of the judicial structure during the Abbasid era and the specific criminal offenses and punishments devised for various types of crimes, based on historical evidence from library sources. The results of this study reveal that certain defined crimes like murder, adultery, apostasy, theft, etc. that had been established since the time of the Prophet and the early caliphs, were often directly or indirectly subject to legal judgments. However, the political criminal offenses and their corresponding punishments were more severe and forcible. In this regard, some crimes such as association with Alavids, wearing Muslim clothing by the Dhimmi people, espionage, harboring the dissidents against the caliph, concealing weapons at home, visiting the graves of Ahl al-Bayt, as well as some economic crimes with political implications led to punishments ranged from imprisonment to torture, removal from power, payment of blood money (diyya), exile, expulsion from Muslim lands, and sometimes even execution and tribal massacres. In this context, religious scholars and trusted judges appointed by the caliphate also played a role in determining the legitimacy of the punishments.
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| Keywords: Abbasid Rule, judicial structure, criminal offenses, punishment of criminals. |
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Full-Text [PDF 481 kb]
(572 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Islamic History/ History of the Abbasid
Received: 2024/08/23 | Revised: 2025/03/3 | Accepted: 2024/10/1 | ePublished ahead of print: 2025/01/3 | Published: 2025/03/3 | ePublished: 2025/03/3
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