The political and social developments in Bahrain have long been intertwined with Iran’s internal dynamics, a relationship that is well-documented in both official records and historical sources. Following Bahrain’s independence, redefining the relationship between the new ruling elites and the centuries-old Iranian cultural and historical presence—particularly that of Iranians who had resided in Bahrain as subjects of Iran—became a matter of considerable significance. In an effort to construct a new national identity, Bahrain’s rulers adopted various strategies, prominently reflected in the country’s official historiography.
This study employs a historical methodology and a descriptive-analytical approach to examine how Iran is represented within Bahrain’s official historical narratives. The findings reveal that Bahraini historiographers have developed a discourse of “othering” directed at Iranians and the Shi’a community. By emphasizing Arab-Sunni identity markers and marginalizing Iranian-Shi’a elements, these narratives seek to portray Bahrain as an ancient, historically autonomous nation-state.