per Reserch Center for Islamic History A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam 2228-6713 2228-6713 2021-12 13 51 7 38 article Gasem Bostanee gh.Bostani@scu.ac.ir 1 Mina Shamkhi m.shamkhi@scu.ac.ir 2 Ali Matouri Dr.matouri@gmail.com 3 Isa Mahmoodi Mazreavi maahmoodi1361@gmail.com 4 Chamran martyr University of Ahwaz Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences In addition to the need for historical, textual and documentary analysis, the news of the emigration of some Muslims to Abyssinia requires determining the exact dates, in order to find the time of their emergence and popularity by the narrators and also the time of their access to the primary hadith sources. In this research, which has been done analytically and using desk study method, the time of emergence and spread of the news of emigration to Abyssinia is investigated using two methods based on document network analysis and a method relying on original hadith source. Drawing a network of visual documents using Juynboll’s method to find the main and secondary commonalities in the documents relating to this news and also examining the earlier sources, shows that the origin of this news was in the second or first half of the third century and this news was fabricated at that time, or at least have become popular at that time. Moreover, the results of this study indicate that the inclusion of some issues in the news of the emigration to Abyssinia is in contradiction with some historical facts, such as the time of legislation of some rulings. http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-900-en.pdf Determining the dates of Hadiths main common ring sub-common ring emigration to Abyssinia. per Reserch Center for Islamic History A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam 2228-6713 2228-6713 2021-12 13 51 39 64 article Mohammad Soleymani soleymani99@gmail.com 1 Mohammad Mohammad Hassan raznahan@khu.ac.ir 2 Hossein Mohammadi h.Mohammadi@khu.ac.ir 3 kharazmi University kharazmi University kharazmi University The Kujujis were one of the ancient families of Tabriz who served in the Safavid Diwani organization after adopting Shiite religion. This research has used a descriptive-analytical method based on sources and manuscripts and is aimed to examine the lineage and the role and position of this family in the Safavid court organization. The findings show that the Kujujis played a significant role in directing and drawing the attention of Ismail Safavi for invasion and occupation of Azerbaijan, as well as the final defeat of the Sufis. They also contributed to the transfer and continuation of Diwani traditions to the Safavid era and obtained high positions in the Safavid Diwani organization until the early reign of Shah Abbas, despite their tumultuous relationship with the kings, however, they were subsequently excluded from all Diwani arenas. Strangely, the Kujujis did not claim sovereignty before the Safavid era, but in early Safavid sources they were referred to as the Sadats who were descended from the fourth Imam of the Shiites, and some of them tended to do so from the late eleventh century bearing the title of “Sadat Hosseini”.   http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-865-en.pdf Safavid Kujuji family Azerbaijan per Reserch Center for Islamic History A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam 2228-6713 2228-6713 2021-12 13 51 65 108 article Hasan Sadeghian hasansadeqiyankumar@gmail.com 1 Behzad Ebadi behzad5555@gmail.com 2 Allameh Tabatabai University Generally, the process of democratization includes some variables such as socio-economic modernization, the role of government in modernization, the capacity of the democratic state, the legacy of the authoritarian system before transition, the country's position in the global system and dependence, the structural foundations of political parties, the content and structure of the constitution, the spirit and attitude of leaders and the nature of political movements. In fact, these variables are preconditions for realization of democracy. The process of democratization in Turkey has been affected by almost all of these variables since the beginning of the process of democratization. In this paper, in the process of democratization of the late Ottoman period and the first two decades of the Republic of Turkey, the main focus is on the role and effects of these three variables: "the content and structure of the constitution", "the spirit and attitude of political leaders and elites" and "the nature of political movements". The theoretical framework of the paper is based on the "theory of structural preconditions for the consolidation of democracy". The method used in the paper is historical- sociological investigation of the case study. http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-671-en.pdf Consolidation of Democracy" Constitution" The political Elites" Political Streams per Reserch Center for Islamic History A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam 2228-6713 2228-6713 2021-12 13 51 135 160 article Abdolrahim Ghanavat ghanavat@um.ac.ir 1 Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad The main question in this article concerns the possibility of obtaining accurate or close-to-reality information about the number of troops and casualties of the two armies as well as the captives in the event of 'Āshūrā based on the analysis of historical reports. In addition, the military arrangement of the troops is also discussed. In this article, the historical reports are analyzed to clarify the details and avoid common exaggerations in reporting this event. The outcome of this work would offer more reasonable and reliable numbers. For example, for the first time, some information is offered about the number of the Kūfa troops, which was largely absent in previous studies. It should be noted that the bulk of information reported in other works (in the literature), far from an independent piece of work, is part of a more detailed work – ranging from one to several volumes - which are not readily accessible. In this article, however, the data and commentaries have been gathered in a single article with a focused title and size. http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-846-en.pdf the Battle of 'Āshūrā Number of Troops Combat Formation of the Forces of Imām Ḥussayn (AS) Forces the troops of 'Umar ibn Sa'd. per Reserch Center for Islamic History A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam 2228-6713 2228-6713 2021-12 13 51 161 184 article Jamshid Noroozi J.noroozi@alzahra.ac.ir 1 Mozhgan Sadeghifard mozhgan.sadeghifard@yahoo.com 2 Associate Professor of History, Faculty of Literature, Alzahra university, Tehran, Iran Ph.D Graduated of the Department of History Considering the lack of much differences between creation, nature of man and human society throughout history, roughly speaking, identical foundation of applying power and governing procedures have been applied in the construction of power and the government formation. Examining the ruling procedure of the founder of Al-Muzaffar, Amir Mubarez al-Din Muhammad (713-765 AH / 1313-1363 AD), based on political, religious and moral point of views and comparing it with Machiavellian thoughts and reflections (873-933 AH / 1527-1469 AD), as one the most conspicuous figures in the history of political ideas and philosophy of government is the main issue of the present paper. Depicting a ruling procedure based on violence and case to case implementation of Sharia rules in the post-Ilkhanid interregnum, Amir Mubarez al-Din paced a path in politics that was theorized about two centuries later by Machiavelli as a non-moral theorist of power. Findings of this descriptive-analytical research show that despite the superficial differences in the speech and behavior of the rulers in different territories during the past centuries affected by cultural regional differences as well as some pertinences of the time, there is some homogeneity between the political thought of some experts and ruling procedures of some rulers. http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-878-en.pdf Amir Mubarez al Din Mohammad Al-Muzaffar Machiavelli ruling procedure political thought