Historical Studies of Islam

fa تأثیر سران نظامی و شیوخ عرب بر کشاورزان مصری در دوره ممالیک برجی Impact of Military Leaders and Arab Shuyūkh on Egyptian Farmers in the Burdjīd Mamlūks’ Era تخصصي تاریخ اسلام Islamic History پژوهشي Research کشاورزان یکی از طبقات دون‌پایه اجتماعی در دوره ممالیک بودند. نوشته زیر پس از گردآوری داده‌ها، با استفاده از روش کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی و روش پژوهش براساس تبیین کارکردی، بدین نتیجه دست یافته است که اعطایِ زمین‌هایِ مصر به سران نظامی و شیوخِ عرب، بر زندگی کشاورزان مصری در دوره ممالیک برجی تأثیر نامطلوبی گذاشت؛ زیرا نظامیان به دلیل ناآگاهی از امور اقتصادی و نیز سلطه بر ساختار سیاسی-اقتصادی، صرفاً به منافع خویش می‌اندیشیدند و با تصمیمات منفعت‌طلبانه شرایط را بر کشاورزان بس دشوار کردند. افزون بر این، شیوخ عرب که با هدف کنترلِ رقابت‌های سیاسی قبایلشان با دستگاه حاکمه، به زمین‌های بسیار و در نتیجه، استقلال نسبی دست یافتند، به حکومت لطمات جبران‌ناپذیر وارد و بر کشاورزان نیز عرصه را دوچندان تنگ کردند. سرانجام این دو عامل بیشترین تأثیر را در نابودی عوامل تولید و نیز مهاجرت و شورش‌های کشاورزان بر جای گذاشت. Farmers were one of the lower social classes in the Mamlūks’ era. The following paper, after collecting data using desk study and documentary methods and research methods, based on the functional explanation concluded that granting Egyptian lands to Arab military leaders and Arab Shuyūkh had a negative effect on the lives of Egyptian farmers in the Burdjīd Mamlūks’ era. The results show that granting those lands adversely effected on the livelihood of Egyptian farmers. Since the military class was unaware of economic affairs and because of its dominance over the political-economic structure, its member were only occupied with their own interests, and therefore taken their decisions made situations for the farmers very difficult. Moreover, the Arab Shuyūkh, who gained a lot of land and, as a result, relative independence in order to control the political rivalries of their tribes with the ruling apparatus, inflicted irreparable damage on the government and exerted more pressure on the farmers too. Finally, these two factors gradually had the greatest impacts on the destruction of production, migration and revolts of farmers. Farmers were one of the lower social classes in the Mamlūks’ era. The following paper, after collecting data using desk study and documentary methods and research methods, based on the functional explanation concluded that granting Egyptian lands to Arab military leaders and Arab Shuyūkh had a negative effect on the lives of Egyptian farmers in the Burdjīd Mamlūks’ era. The results show that granting those lands adversely effected on the livelihood of Egyptian farmers. Since the military class was unaware of economic affairs and because of its dominance over the political-economic structure, its member were only occupied with their own interests, and therefore taken their decisions made situations for the farmers very difficult. Moreover, the Arab Shuyūkh, who gained a lot of land and, as a result, relative independence in order to control the political rivalries of their tribes with the ruling apparatus, inflicted irreparable damage on the government and exerted more pressure on the farmers too. Finally, these two factors gradually had the greatest impacts on the destruction of production, migration and revolts of farmers. مصر, ممالیک برجی, زارعان, سران نظامی, عربان Egypt, Burdjīd Mamlūks, farmers, military leaders, Arabs 43 68 http://journal.pte.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-337-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Ghadriyeh Tajbakhsh قدریه تاج بخش ghtajbakhsh@yahoo.com 10031947532846004733 10031947532846004733 Yes 1 Assistant Professor, Department of History and Civilization of Muslim Nations, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran. گروه تاریخ و تمدن ملل اسلامی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)،قزوین، ایران