fa رویکردهای جهادی ساکنان ماوراءالنّهر در برابر هجوم روس‌ها تخصصي تاریخ اسلام Islamic History پژوهشي Research <em>Jihad</em> is an important religious practice of Muslims. Emphasis of the <em>Koran</em> and religious citations on <em>jihad</em> caused its practice by Muslims in different eras in the history of Islam. A significant portion of Islamic and jurisprudence studies has been dedicated to <em>jihad</em>, its dimentions, forms and Muslims obligations towards it. In recent centuries <em>jihad</em> has been a significant political and social issue in Islamic societies. <em>jihad</em> against the infidels were to be found in numerous instances, especially in the nineteenth century, when the West invaded the Islamic lands.<br> The Transoxiana region was a part of the Islamic lands that came face to face with Russians invasions extensively. The Muslim residents of this area attempted to block the invaders by relying on defensive <em>jihad</em>. This paper by a descriptive- analytical method examines the process of the Russians invasions to the Transoxiana region and defensive and disperse <em>jihad</em> with the rise and fall of Muslims in the region. This research shows despite all efforts, the Russians found dominance over the region and Muslims were defeated. The Muslims attempts failed for several reasons including lack of leadership and political unity and also dispersion of variety of ethnicities in the region.<br> <br> &nbsp; جهاد, مسلمانان, ماوراءالنّهر, هجوم روس‌ها Jihad, Muslims, Transoxiana, Russians Invasions 133 149 http://journal.pte.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-125&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Abdollah Motevali عبدالله متولی a.motavally@araku.ac.ir 1003194753284600210 1003194753284600210 Yes Ebrahim Aslani ابراهیم اصلانی aslani.Ebrahim@gmail.com 1003194753284600211 1003194753284600211 No