@article{ author = {TaghaviSangdehi, Seyedeh Leila and AmaniChacoli, Bahram}, title = {A Comparative Study of Seyyed Qutb and Hassan Hanafi’s political thought}, abstract ={ Seyyed Qutb is the most famous mental leaders in fundamentalist group of Ekhwan ul – Moslemin and Hassan Hanafi is the most important persons of Neomotazilit’s intellectual movement in Egypt. These two currents were formed in Egypt in twentieth century and searched solutions for the many problems of their country, including problems and political issues. In the present paper, The political thoughts of Seyyed Qutb and Hanafi has been studied by descriptive -analytical methods. The study shows that the Seyyed Qutb's political thought was based on Interpretation of religion and believed to stablishment of Islamic government and the spread of Islamic ideology and he was also against the use of foreign ideas and systems of government in the West .Hanafi insists on establishment of islamic government and spread of Islamic ideology based on educational and teaching methods, of course, if necessary, based on a way of revolutionary.He agrees communication with western countries Unlike Seyyed Qutb and insists on the use of science, technology, and some of the western systems with their criticism by focusing on Islamic heritage.    }, Keywords = {Egypt , Fundamentalism, Neamotazilits, Seyyed Qutb, Hassan Hanafi.}, volume = {5}, Number = {16}, pages = {9-36}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {khosravi, Jamal and Sajjadi, Amir}, title = {Historical Sociology: Generalized Explanations or Different Narratives}, abstract ={Questioning  pseudo-positivistic views about history which connects past up to present and insists on reconstructing  past ,moreover,  poseing  the views of thinkers like  Ricoure, Foucault, Derrida who believe that history is nothing but narrative, have been the most important challenging subjects among the thinkers and the social philosophers for 2 centuries. Considering  and regarding the above views, this article explains and connects these challenges to historical sociology .The question are: 1. Basically, how is the condition in historical sociology? 2. Can we reduce historical sociology to present sociology or not? and, 3.Can historical sociology be reduced to different narratives? Keywords: Historical, Sociology, Generalized, Explanations, Different Narratives, Daniel Little, Paul Ricoure, Episteme, Michel Foucault, Presence metaphisic, Jacques Derrida}, Keywords = { Historical, Sociology, Generalized, Explanations, Different Narratives, Daniel Little, Paul Ricoure, Episteme, Michel Foucault, Presence metaphisic, Jacques Derrida}, volume = {5}, Number = {16}, pages = {37-60}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-263-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Khezri, seyyed Ahmad Rez}, title = {Mazidians and their Role in Expansion of the Islamic Civilization}, abstract ={Mazidians were one of the Shiite rulers in Iraq who governed on Hollah region and its surrounding during the years 350 -515 A.H/967-1150 A.D. They were regarded as a branch of Bani Asad Arabs who first took up position in a place between Kufah and Hit and were elasping their times by means of animal husbandry and farming. Until, during the Buwayhid’s Muez – ud – dauleh era, Ali ben Mazid could estabilish Mazidian government in above – mentioned areas under the protection of Buwayhids. After Ali, seven other  men  of Mazidians’ house gained access to government and with peaks and valleys, ruled over Mazidian territories. Undoubtedly, Sadaghat ben Mansure was the greatest and the most famous ruler who had  Mazidians’ government in his hands, contemporary to the advent of the Seljukid’s dynasty. He, which was an intelligent prince (emir), benefiting from differences and conflicts between the Seljukid princes, conquered Basrah, Kufah, Hit and Takrit cities, built the city of Hollah and transfered his capital there, and put it as a base for unquestioning supporting of the clerics and scientists, and procured ground for more than ago extending  of Islamic civilization. The present article, in a descriptive – analytical method and by using resources, sourees and historical researches, for the first instance tries to study the bases and qualities of the Mazidian government advent, afterwards express their part in deployment of Islamic culture and civilization, especially in two literary and scientific fields, and then explanate their activities in the direction of  Shiism expansion. Keywords: Mazidians, Hollah, Iraq, Literary(Literature), Knowledge and Culture, Islamic Civilization, Shiism  }, Keywords = { Mazidians, Hollah, Iraq, Literary(Literature), Knowledge and Culture, Islamic Civilization, Shiism }, volume = {5}, Number = {16}, pages = {61-82}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-264-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Daneshiar, Morteza and Baiat, Ali}, title = {A Contemplation on the Sources and on the Concept of Muslim Historical Sources The Case Study: Tarikh-e-Bayhagh}, abstract ={For researching in the Muslim historiography, it is essential cognition of resources, sources and methods of intelligence gathering. Due to the wide such research, the case approach is necessary to examine the historical writings. Tarikh-e- Bayhagh is one of the most famous Persian books about local history that its originate of information is variety of sources. This research analyzes Tarikh-i bayhagh's sources. Meanwhile, it notes how the author collected and used any source and his interpretation of historical sources. This study shows, although the author has declared his sources have been books and what he had heard, he has used various other sources such as archeology, observations and documents. But unwittingly use of  recent sources, has reduced his usage of the sources and he has merely quoted their names and information.     }, Keywords = { Historiography, Concept of Historical Resource, Resources of Tarikh-e- Bayhagh}, volume = {5}, Number = {16}, pages = {83-100}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-265-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Soltanian, Aboutaleb and Kohansal, Has}, title = {A Surrey on the Quality of Tahmasb’s Behavior towards Humayun (Indian Refugee Emperor) by an Qutlook to the Indian Historiography}, abstract ={Naser-ed Din Mohammad Humayun took refuge (in 951 A.H.) in Tahmasb court. But the main question is that how was the Tahmasb’s politico-religious behavior towards Humayun; because the quality of this behavior has been reflected by an Indian Sunnite current of historiography that seems fanatic and tendentious. According to this current, Tahmasb’s manner towards Humayun was humiliating and harsh. Therefore, this paper is trying to show- by a comparative study of the Indian and Iranian sources- that the quality of Tahmasb’s behavior and the rightness and non-rightness of that Indian Historiography. Hence, this study shows that Humayun, having a Shiite tendency and because of his political situation as  an Indian emperor and an ally of Iran, was respected by  Tahmasb  in Safavid’s court.  }, Keywords = {Humayun, Shah Tahmasb, Asylum, Behavior, Jowhar- e - Aftabechi, Historiography}, volume = {5}, Number = {16}, pages = {101-120}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-266-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Muhammadi, Zekr- ul-lah and Mohammadpoor, Mohammad and YousefiRamandi, Gholam Rez}, title = {Bazar (Market) and its Economical, Political and Cultural Role in Balkh, Marv and Neishabour in the Two First A.H. Centuries}, abstract ={Market history as an economical and social phenomenon in Iran’s history goes back to the  ancient period specifically Sasanids’ period. In Sasanids’ period, market was located in urban frame in Sharestan which was considered as an economical center of city. But after Islam arrival and reducation of economical importance of Sharestan and growth of cities, these found greater importance. Markets of cities like Balkh, Marv and Neishabur in Khorasan, which is the topic of this study, were located in the cities in Islamic period. The main question is "how was the economical role of mentioned markets?"The first hypothesis is criteria's like growth of city dwelling in Khorasan district, producing different products and surplus of district needs of that product and growth in commercial provided great elegance to economical role of markets. Current study as well as paying to affective factors on creation of these markets and defining their economical role in the two first A.H. centuries, discovers two main cultural and political points of those districts markets to complete the discussion: First, connection between mosques and schools with  market and consequently  dwelling of some of Ulamas in these market and   the influence  of some of thought courses in market, businessmen reflects cultural face of some of these markets. Second, punishment of some of the political activities in these markets emphasis on their political role. When businessmen in bazar were under financial injustice through governors, played more influential roles in political changes.Their role in killing of Ghotabe-ibn-Moslem and governing of the Abbasids is the sign of this concept.}, Keywords = {Market(Bazar),Khorasan,Economy,Cultural,Businessmen}, volume = {5}, Number = {16}, pages = {121-146}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {NajafianRazavi, Leyl}, title = {A Study on the State of the Hassanids’ relations with the Shiite Imams to the Year of 145 A.H}, abstract ={Conflicting narratives about the Hassanids’relations with the Shiite Imams has marginalized the available reports of empathy and their close ties with the Shiite Imams and different aspects of their relations is left ambiguous. The author in his paper that is based on a descriptive - analytical approach, first examines the way of Hassanids’ relations with the Shiite Imams and then by studding some of the narratives of the Shiite texts, tries  to achieve  an answer for the cause of conflicting narratives about their relations. The results of this study suggest that by starting Hassanids’ efforts to gain power, they gradually have taken away from coordinated strategies with the Imams in dealing with the ruling class and this affair has highlighted the differences between them. Inconclusive financial disagreements between these cousins also has given rise to this matter. While the style of writing in Shiite textbooks, and paying no attention to the narrator and narrative text in subsequent centuries has contributed in magnification  of disagreements between Hassanids and Shiite Imams.}, Keywords = {Hassanids, Shiite Imams, Imam Sadiq (PBUH).}, volume = {5}, Number = {16}, pages = {147-169}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {AshtariTafreshi, Alirez}, title = {Historical Geography and the Economical Position of Dinawar}, abstract ={: Historical geography and history of economy are fields of historical studies which can be studied simultaneously in any specific geography. In this way, we can also study the influence of geographical factors on the economy of the region. Unfortunately the absence of documents, archives and statistics, is a reality in some important parts of the history of Iran, especially during the early and middle Islamic ages and this will cause a real inability in studying the economical and geographical history of different parts of Iran such as Dinawar; however, this article will try to study the information about the region and the city of historical Dinawar and by analyzing these data will manage to understand the relationship between this region`s historical geography and its historical economy.  }, Keywords = {Historical Geography, Economy, City, Region, Dinawar, Djibal }, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {7-26}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Pashazadeh, Gholam - ali}, title = {Jawdat Pasha: Bonding Historiography and Political Thought to the Western and Islamic Principles}, abstract ={Ahmed Jawdat Pasha was a 19th-century Ottoman historian, legist and statesman. Promoting Western-style reforms in the Ottoman Empire, he transformed Ottoman historiography. On the one hand, he founded modern Ottoman historiography by utilizing a new methodology and outlook, and on the other hand, he penned the theoretical precepts of his political thought in the process of historiography by pivoting historiography around the concept of state, and he simultaneously utilized the theoretical principles of government in Islam and the West in formulating the theoretical principles of his political thought. The way Jawdat Pasha simultaneously utilized Western and Islamic political thought in theoretical principles of political thought is the focus of the present study, which – through a descriptive and interpretive method and utilizing Jawdat’s works and historical sources of the time – attempts to answer the following question: What was the bond that Jawdat Pasha created between theoretical Islamic and Western precepts regarding the origin of state?  }, Keywords = {Jawdat Pasha, Historiography, Political Thought, Ottoman Empire, 19th Century A.D.}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {27-46}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rahmanian, Dariush and NabaviRazavi, Seyyed Meq}, title = {The Role of Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi in Creation the Iranian Constitutional Movement}, abstract ={The role of Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi in creation of the constitutional system of Iran is shown in this paper. He died before Constitutional Movement but some of persons, who had attended his gatherings and learnt his doctrine, had basic activites in that important historical event, by using of his teachings. His role in the constitutional system of Iran is meant by knowing them.   }, Keywords = {Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi, Constitutional Movement of Iran, Constitutionalist Activists}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {47-66}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rahmanian, Dariush and NabaviRazavi, Seyyed Meq}, title = {The Role of Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi in Creation the Iranian Constitutional Movement}, abstract ={The role of Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi in creation of the constitutional system of Iran is shown in this paper. He died before Constitutional Movement but some of persons, who had attended his gatherings and learnt his doctrine, had basic activites in that important historical event, by using of his teachings. His role in the constitutional system of Iran is meant by knowing them.   }, Keywords = {Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi, Constitutional Movement of Iran, Constitutionalist Activists}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {47-66}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Salarishadi, Ali and Khorramkeshavarz, Mohamm}, title = {A Study on the Relationships between Motavakkel, the Abbasid Caliph, and the Alavis}, abstract ={Religious policy of the Abbasid caliph Motavakkell during his reign ,as an Abbasid  caliph, had his own authority. Abbasid era put an end to Motazele. Nevertheless, Motazele movement was strengthened due to fanatic support of previous caliphs. Mo‘tavakkel due to his intelligence avoided the challenge in the way of previous caliphs, however Turks became more powerful and their increasing power posed achallenge. They actually gained power during the period of Mo‘tasam government. Turks themselves played an important role in Motasam’s saccession to the throne. However Motavakke managed to control their power and lost his life doing so. In an atmosphere like this, his murderers to justify his assassination, started publicizing against him and called Motavakkel Nasebi. Nevertheless, his behaviuor with Alavis was not so bitter and harsh to prove the idea of him being Nasebi. The writer, while surveying different aspects of Motavakkel’s behaviuor and his religious policy, tries to present a better and real picture of Motavakkel.  }, Keywords = {Abbasid Caliphate, Motavakkel, Montaser, Alavids, Ya‘ghoobi, Tabari.}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {67-92}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-273-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-273-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {AlizadehMoghadam, Badr - us - Sadat}, title = {A Glance to the Place of E‘temad ud-Dawla Tehrani Family in Jahangir Timurid Period}, abstract ={In Safavid period, some of the families immigrated from Iran to neighbouring countries like India because of different reasons. The immigration of these families had deep effects in political and cultural life of these countries. One of these families was Tehrani family which immigrated to India in Safavid period. The services of this family to India Timurids dynasty started from Akbar Shah period (1556-1605 A.D.) and reached to the highest point in his son Jahangir Kingdom (1605-1627 A.D.).In this period, Ghias ud-Din Tehrani and his two children Mehr un – Nesa Beigom and Abu’l -Hasan Khan took the important titles like E‘temad ud -Dawla, Queen and Khansamani and played active role in internal and external politics. This article with a descriptive - analytical method takes a look to the past of this family in Safavid period and investigates the place and influence of their presence in political and cultural life of Jahangir Timurid period.                                                                                                                                            }, Keywords = {Keywords: Tehrani Family, Timurids of India, Jahangir Period, Safavids, Baburids}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {93-116}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Qaedan, Asghar and EmamiKhoei, Mohammad Taghi and Dogan, Esr}, title = {The palace of Hajj in relations of Ottoman and Iran in Qajar Era}, abstract ={This essay deals with economic status of the pilgrimage to Mecca (the Hajj) and its influence on the economic relations of the Ottoman state as the organizer and the Qajar state of Iran as the guest. Three main elements of this matter are studied: 1- Hajjis (guests) 2-state (organizer) 3-Bedouins and aborigines (hosts).The security as an important element in any economic process is also studied. This study is undertaken in three fields: the economic politics of two states; the combining economics and common market; and the formal and informal revenues of the roads and hajjis. The status of endowments, the commercial and economic importance of roads, the services of Ottoman state, the difficulties of decrease of the value of money, the robbery of hajjis belongings, and the offences of Ottoman state are other issues of this essay. The central question is whether, in addition of its religious and political status, the pilgrimage to Mecca (the Hajj) has economic status. The economic politics of Ottoman state shows that this state had positive influences on economic development of the two holy sanctuaries (Mecca and Medina), desired organization of hajj and welfare of Bedouins, but it was not directly benefitted from this organization. Because it merely wanted to attain the title of servant of the two holy sanctuaries (Mecca and Medina) and thereby religious and political legitimacy. It seems that because of problems of exchange of goods and money for hajjis in market roads, the strategy of combining economics was the best solution for economic interactions of two states. Additionally, the role of the Qajar state as guest state and its political priorities concerning the Hajj is surveyed. The reliable documents and sources of Qajar era shows that the Qajar state attempted to remove the obstacles and difficulties created by Ottoman officers on the way of Iranian hajjis and to protect them and to pressurize the Ottoman state in this matter. Keywords: the Iranian and Ottoman hajjis, the Qajar state, the Ottoman state, the combining economics of the Hajj, security of Hajj roads.  }, Keywords = { the Iranian and Ottoman hajjis, the Qajar state, the Ottoman state, the combining economics of the Hajj, security of Hajj roads.}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {117-142}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Moayyer, Ziba and Moftakhari, Hussein and Ayinehvand, Sadegh and Rajabloo, Ali}, title = {A Study the Effects of Dispatching Osmas΄s Division on the Manner of Political Participation of Elite Mohajere and Ansar in Saqifah and Establishing the Caliphate}, abstract ={Although most of reports on Bani Saede΄s Saqifa Exist in the primary sources indicating the political participation of Mohajers and Ansar, which is also the subject of the current paper, shows that the Mohajers and Ansar were unaware about the happenings in medina hence; they could not actively take part in the later political process. About 3000 people from elite Mohajers and Ansar who with the decree of the Prophet (p.b.u.h) required to serve under Osma΄s division, were camping at a place called "Jorf" about 5km away from medina and were prepared to dispatch to Syria. In the meantime, a messenger from Medina gave the news about the demise of Prophet Mohammad and Osama along with some of his companions returned to medina. Although some of the narratives quoting Wagedi and Ibn A΄sam tell that the whole army unit returned to Medina after the prophet΄s demise, however; the others like Khalifath Ibn Khayyat, Tabari, Ibn A΄sam, Abdullah b. Mohammad al -Baghavi, Maqdesi, Ibn Asaker indicate that the complete unit could not return at the point of time. This army unit, by the first measure of the Caliph, was immediately rushed to Syria and left unaware about the incident in medina. The absence of elite Mohajers and Ansar, brigade for about 40 or 70 days after the demise of Prophet Mohammad (p.b.u.h) was the most important factor that led to establishment of the caliphate as most of them were not present during the Caliph΄s dealing with opponents of allegiance in Medina.  }, Keywords = { Prophet΄s Successor, Osama΄s Division, Abu Bakr, Political Participation, Caliphate.}, volume = {5}, Number = {17}, pages = {143-165}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-276-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-276-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Aeinevand, Sadegh and Baseri, Vahi}, title = {A Study on Monafara Tradition in Jahilyya (Ignorance-Based Pre-Islamic Arab) Culture and its Reproduction and Consequences in the Islamic Period (Relying on Hashimid’s Monafara)}, abstract ={Boasting and snobbery is on inseparable part of Arab life before the Islamic era. Pride of ancestry besides tribal bigotries is the basis of dominant regime of barbarianism Arabian thoughts. These boastings were performed in different forms and some of them had the following outcomes which continued for several days. Monafara is one of the important methods of boasting with its special status. The existence of this tradition is not surprising in the society before Islam. The important thing was its appearance and continuation in Islamic era by‌ a new covering which showed so many truths about the effect of Jahilyya traditions on the behaviour of early Moslems. Hashimids, as the most famous Quraysh family, were located at the center Monafara before and after Islamic era; so the study and clarification of Monafara tradition, without attention to Quraysh family, is not possible, because of their special role in events and occasions. This research studies the Monafara tradition and shows, how this tradition would appear again by benefiting from among differences the Moslems; although changed its form, but its from contents remained the same and created a new process.    }, Keywords = { Monafara, Boasting, Jahilyya (Ignorance-Based Pre-Islamic Arab Culture), Hashimids, Islamic Era}, volume = {5}, Number = {18}, pages = {7-28}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-278-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-278-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Akbari, Mohammad Ali and Keybakhi, Behnaz}, title = {Oudh/Awadh Bequest(18th -20th century)}, abstract ={Sending cash gifts for the holy shrines in Najaf and Karbala had been among the most significant cultural- spiritual customs in India. Not only ordinary shi’ites also Nowab, Kings and Royal families used to send such gifts for the sake of holy purpose and spiritual intention. Attributed to Awadh, a northern province, Awadh Bequest or Endowment historically formed from 18th century when Assefoddowlah began to fund Najaf irrigation project during  the famine. The Bequest then underwent historical evolution since mid 19th century when the British began to distribute the cash among Ulama of Najaf and Karbala. The British tried to use it as a political tool for theire own benefit. The main question is how could former Awadh Bequest as a cultural-spiritual phenomenonle turned into a political tool in terms of historical process? Based on the historical method, this article is compiled by data collecting from library materials, having access to the original sources in the British Library and National Archives in London.  }, Keywords = {Oudh/Awadh Bequest, cash gifts, holy shrines, Ulama of Najaf and Karbala, cultural-spiritual phenomenon, political tool }, volume = {5}, Number = {18}, pages = {29-46}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-279-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-279-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Razmjoo, Jamal and Khezri, seyyed Ahmad Rez}, title = {Change of the term Saracen and its application by Europeans up to the end of thirteen the century (AD)}, abstract ={: Long-held familiarity and interaction between Muslims and Christians led to the development of a collection of terms and concepts in historical sources; some of which are both politically and culturally loaded. Within this collection, Saracen is one of the most ancient terms used by the European Christians for introducing the Arabs. However, after the emergence of Islam, the application of this term was expanded to all Muslims; which often conveyed a distorted image of Islam, in general, and the Prophet (peace be upon him), in particular and has of negative connotations. This change of use of the notion of Saracen from the Arabs to Muslims raises a number of questions: First, what is the root of the term Saracen? And second, how did the evolution of the term among Europeans take place? Answering these questions, through a descriptive-analytic approach, was made possible through studying available resources including the rebuttal of the Christians.  }, Keywords = { Saracen, Islam, Christianity, Andalusia, Middle Ages, Heroic Poetry, Epic literature}, volume = {5}, Number = {18}, pages = {47-68}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-280-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-280-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Alisoufi, ALireza and dashtakinia, Farh}, title = {The Mosque and the traditional and New Systems of Education during the Qajar‌ Period}, abstract ={The Mosque is the most significant religious and‌ cultural center in Iran during the Qajar period‌, in addition to religious practices‌, it played various educational‌, training‌, media‌‌, Juridicial, military, economic‌, social and political‌ role. what is discussed in the present research‌,  is determining the place of the mosque  and it’s educational function in the tradition education system and the new education system at the Qajar Period, notally the raising social changes and in particular educational changed resulting‌ from the of process‌ of reforms which ocured during this period. we are examining the effect of these changes in the mosque’s educational function and it’s important position in the educational scen the at Qajar period‌. The article discuses two Puinctions of the mosque, namely as an educative space and a have on the founder’s of new school on opposed to those who were apainst the movement.    }, Keywords = { ‌mosques‌,‌ new‌ schools‌, ‌Traditional educationl space,‌ clergyman‌, Qajar period}, volume = {5}, Number = {18}, pages = {69-92}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {karimi, Alireza and alipoorsilab, Javav}, title = {A look at the historical concept of passive defense in Islamic era}, abstract ={Security is one of the most important issues that human beings have been involved with. So, they attempted to achieve this security by varieties of defensive instruments. Defense is the complex of actions that are done in order to guarantee independence, integrity protection,‌ territorial and people preservation against enemy attacks. This defense has two genre- military and non military- But nowadays, these are called practicable defense and impracticable defense. Impracticable defense means that we don’t need the armor directly but it needs some of predicted actions for confronting the enemy that increases not only enemy expenses but also defensive power of local forces. There are some historical and ethical texts about impracticable defense in Iran and Islamic‌ history. Impracticable defense has many branches. The most important one that attracted a lot of people in past periods were placement, solidity, raud, concealment. Among these mentioned cases, placement, solidity and fraud were more attractive. Placement was especially more attractive in making cities and placing armies in its suitable place. Solidity was important in making cities and trifurcation of elements Kohandedj, Sharestan, Rabz and defensive elements such as battlement, tower and gate. Fraud has also its own place and they tried to achieve dominance over the enemy by fraud and illusion. Discussing about the above mentioned cases are the topic of the following essay.  }, Keywords = { passive defense‌, Position‌, Rampart‌, deceit}, volume = {5}, Number = {18}, pages = {93-116}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Farrokhi, Yaz}, title = {Mathnavi Ma’nvi᾽S Story about Sultān Muhammad Khawrazm Shāh under Scrutiny:A historical review of a mystical story}, abstract ={The Mongol invasion and over‌throw of the Khawrazm Shāh Daynasty, caused him to be seenas a blamed figure by the historians and researchers of Iranian history. What  seems to be the common tendency towards Khawrazm Shāh, appears to be different in Mathnavi Ma’nvi and unlike the historians, Khawrazm Shāh is a respected figure to the Poet (Mawlana). This study tries to investigate the different attitudes of the poet towards the King by analysing several factors such as the personal reasons of the poet, lexical elements in the story, narrative origins and the changes in the original story. The article scrutinizes the mystical poetry about the defunct King according hased on the historical context of the original events and on the historical and political context of the dates when the poetry was written.  }, Keywords = {Sultān Muhammad Khawarazm Shāh, Mathnavi Ma’nvi, mystical parable, allegory narrative, historical narrative}, volume = {5}, Number = {18}, pages = {117-138}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-283-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Gerami, Seyed Mohammad Hadi and Ghandehari, Muhamm}, title = {Between theology and intellectual history: The case of Shi’ite studies in orientalism tradition}, abstract ={Throughout a rooted tradition, the orientalists have analyzed Shi’ite dogma by historical approach. In addition, there are some scholars, among Shi’a believers themselves, following this tradition. There is no doubt that these western historical studies, in some cases, have not been systematic and ‌are accompanied by some unreliable results. Nevertheless, nowadays adopting this historical approach to analyze Shi’ite classical beliefs is essential and could not be neglected. Indeed, the clear conflict, in some cases, between Shi’ite dogma and the intellectual history of Shi’ism remains the first concern among traditional circles and is still the main challenge to develop this discipline in Iran. To improve this approach and enjoy the benefits of this western discipline, it seems, the localization and organization is the necessary one; the first step of which is the investigation of the relationship between Shi’ite theology and the intellectual history of Shi’ism from diverse viewpoints This paper, beginning by an introduction, attempts to distinguish more distinctly between theology and history. Afterwards, the influence of theological presuppositions on historiography will be examined. Finally, the paper surveys the conflict between theology and history and tries to clarify the nature of this conflict and what kind of method could be adopted to resolve the problem.  }, Keywords = { Intellectual history, History of thought, Historical phenomenology, Orientalism, Theology-History-Conflict, Theological presuppositions}, volume = {5}, Number = {18}, pages = {139-172}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-284-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-284-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Mohammadpur, Ahm}, title = {Exploring Ontological Differences between Pan – Arabism and Arab Spring Movements}, abstract ={Diffusion of modernity in the Arab world along with the process of modernization and Islamist antagonism against it, especially among Arabs, have yielded enormous social changes and transformation in Arab countries.‌ Optimism for the establishment on independent and powerful Arabi governments based on modern nation-state principles caused the increasing rise of authoritarian and autonomous social movements among Arabi countries such as Egypt, Iraq, Syria and somehow in Libya, and Algeria. Pan-Arabi movements in these nations relied on Islamic-Arabic roots caused on increasingl independency of Arabi countries from Middle East to North Africa. These movements extended their authority until what is called as Arab Spring, in 2011. Arab Spring created a new ontological attitude and spread in all Arab nations in a few months. This paper is concerned with explaining the ontological differences between Pan-Arabist and Arab Spring, movements.  Exploring their goals, political route, slogans, and outcomes may explain their ontological differences. Using political orientation, this paper aims to investigate the ontological aspects and fundamental differences between these two movements.  }, Keywords = {Pan – Arabism, Arab Spring, Ontological Differences, Modernization, Democratization, Ideological Turn}, volume = {5}, Number = {18}, pages = {173-198}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Wassfi, Muhammad-Reza and Shafi’ei, Sayyid Ruh-Allah}, title = {“Nabi”(Prophet) and “Rasool”(Apostle) between Bible and Qur’an}, abstract ={Prophecy and Prophets, is one of the most prominent common semantic fields in the Bible and the Qur'an. The present article, which investigates the Qur’anic meaning and usage of two keywords of this field, namely “Nabi”(Prophet) and “Rasool”(Apostle) through an overview of shortages caused mainly by textual studies, is about to argue that finding any proper answer to this question, needs seriously the historic and comparative study of meaning and usage of above keywords in the Bible. So, this article shows that these two technical terms, are applied in other holy texts of  the Abrahamic religions in the same meaning and usage, long before the Qur’an, and also their Qur’anic meaning and usage, is in this framework. In addition to the concordant of the meaning and usage of the mentioned keywords, the present research notes to the widening of their concept and evidence in the Qur’an more than the Bible.    }, Keywords = { Prophet, Apostle, Qur’an, Bible.}, volume = {5}, Number = {18}, pages = {199-231}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-286-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-286-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Khezri, seyyed Ahmad Reza and Falahzadeh, Ahm}, title = {A Review on the Intellectual and Economic System Prevalent in the Markets of the Arabian Peninsula in Jāhiliya period and during the Prophet’s Life}, abstract ={‌There exist abundant disputes on the attitudes and perceptions of the people of the Jāhiliya; as far as some know it as a dark and dim period while others consider it as a half-civilized one. In between the analysis of Arabs’ markets have a confirmation on the second aspect. In particular, reflection of this belief can be traced in the widespread trade in the Arabian Peninsula, which guarantees its accuracy. What is worth considering is that the market of those times truly reflecting the activity of a community which is far from Primitivism. Since the Prophet had also understood the situation well, inquired part of the foundations of Islamic civilization whether in the realm of economy or morality in that community. This article aims in addition to identifying the Arabs’ markets of the Prophet’s time; investigate its reflection on the Islamic culture and also two-dimensional Islamic view based on the theory of the market hegemony which is based on an analytical method.  }, Keywords = { Hegemony theory, Arab market, trade in Jāhiliya era, Islamization of the Bazaar }, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {9-48}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-287-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-287-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Dalir, Nayereh}, title = {Female Social involvement between Sira and Ghazāli’s Ihyā Olūm al-Din}, abstract ={This research seeks to build a compararative study between Sirā of Muhammad and Ghazāli’s masterpiece Ihyā Olūm al-Din in respect of their attitude to Female social involvement.       This research claims that notions and views of Ghazāli in the framework of women are neither conformed nor even close to the conducts and traditions of the Muhammad. The findings of this research reveal that despite his intentions on revival of Islamic religious knowledge, perceptions of Ghazāli about women in his book are indeed divergent with the Sira of Muhammad which had been stated under predominant negative images of women in the patriotic society.  }, Keywords = { Sira, Sahāba, women’s social participation, Ghazāli, Ihyā Olūm al-Din}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {49-70}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-288-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-288-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rezaei, Mortaz}, title = {Study of Hamilton Gibb’s ideas about Sira of Muhammad in Medina}, abstract ={As a well-known orientalist, Arab linguists and historian, Hamilton A. R. Gibb (1895-1971) wrote numerous published books in Islamic history. Although, as an orientalist, his doubtful views of Islamic history and Sira aren’t peculiar, his thoughts had undergone a massive positive affects about Islam and Muhammad. Gibb’s admiration of Prophet as a spiritual and political personality, and praise for his “Talent and intelligence” in all of his works, makes him different from other orientalists. Because of many vicissitudes in life of prophet, second part of his life in Medina attracts more attention between western scholars. I in this study will try to survey Gibb’s point of view about Sira of prophet in Medina.  }, Keywords = { Muhammad, Sira, Orientalism, Hamilton A. R. Gibb}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {71-88}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-289-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-289-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rafeie, mohammad Hossei}, title = {Sīra studies in West: Authenticity and reliability of Hadīth}, abstract ={Back to 9th century, western efforts on knowing Islam and Sīra of Prophet have been started. But, actual researches on this context occurred at last half of 19th century. As a diversion which appeared since the very beginning, two approaches represented. (1) Extremist view based on ignoring historical value of Haḍīth in search of history of Qūran, Sīra and early period of Islamic history, which leaded by Lammens and Caetani. (2) Moderate view of Nöldke and Becker which dedicated on purifying “historical Kernel” of Haḍīth. With efforts of remarkable scholars such as Goldziher, Schacht and Montgomery Watt, those vis-à-vis approaches came to 21th century. In that time, extreme skepticism emerge by Wansbrough and widespread on basis of Crone and Cook’s works. On the other side, scholars like Watt, Serjeant and Kister devote their efforts on inventing some new methods in search for “historical kernel” of Haḍīth and Sīra. Although archeological findings of Negev desert disprove many skeptical views about reliability of Haḍīth, there is still an overt dissension between ‘Sanguine’ or traditionalist and ‘Revisionist’ or sceptics. Thus, I in this study focused on presenting an accurate story of formation and conformation of those two different approaches and also analyzing their methods and positions about authenticity and reliability of Haḍīth in Sīra studies.}, Keywords = {Sīra, western scholars, Sīra studies in west, Scepticism}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {89-120}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {SafariForooshani, Nematollah and Ghazikhani, Hossei}, title = {Muhammad and succession crisis}, abstract ={Succesion crisis of Muhammad has been a long debating issue during several ages. We will try through revising this very controversial part of Islamic history, to analyse tendencies of those adversary trends which made such a huge crisis after Muhammad’s death.   To achieve that, we will set up an inquiry into the prophet's actions and analyze the historical data. Thus, the prophet's notice of obstacles in the way of Ali's succession and his management will be clarified.    }, Keywords = { Muhammad, Ali, succession, Quraysh, crisis management, succession crisis}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {121-150}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-291-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-291-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {TavoosiMasroor, Saee}, title = {Amin al-Islām al-Tabrisī’s report on Khyber War: A Source- critical Study}, abstract ={As a Shi’ite historian of compiler of Sirā, Amin al-Islām al-Tabrisī made a specific report on Khyber war. I intend in this study on source-critical analyzing of his report and compare with other shi’ite-Sunni sources. Thus I can present a context with exposed nourishments and flaws of report by considering his resources.  The very outcome of this report indicates that whilst using Sunni sources for Tabrisī was inevitable, his portrait of those narratives shows shi’ite attitudes. As a shi’ite definition of Sunni resources, Khyber’s report of Tabrisī is a model for critical use of Sunni narratives to extract their shi’ite Kernel.    }, Keywords = {Sirā, Khyber’s War, Amin al-Islām Tabrisi, Al- Alām al wūra bi I’lām al-Hūda}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {151-170}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-292-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-292-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Karimi, Zeynab and Chelongar, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Study on Voltaire’s views about Muhammad’s personality}, abstract ={François-Marie Arouet (Voltaire) (1694-1778) as a most controversial orientalist in 18th century, inspired some challenging views about Islam and Life of Prophet (Sira) which have undergone a gradual evolution. Initially, in the first phase he has a highly critical view on Islam and Muhammad such that he has addressed him as a liar and deceitful man. In the second phase which synchronizes with the middle of his cultural and scientific life he adopted a moderate stance on Islam and Muhammad. In this phase he has introduced the prophet as a politician and finally late in life, he has praised and worshipped the prophet and has referred to him as creator of the biggest revolution and religion and Islam as the greatest religion.      Thus, this paper aims to illustrate the thoughts of Voltaire about Muhammad, the way he was transformed and its causes and this study also seeks to answer the following questions:      1. What is the reason of Voltaire’s critical attitude towards Muhammad?      2. In which issues he criticizes Muhammad?      3. What factors are involved in transforming Voltaire’s outlook on Muhammad?      4. Is there any relationship between his positive view on Muhammad in the second half of his life and his critical attitude towards Christianity?      }, Keywords = { Orientalist, Voltaire, Islam, Mohammad }, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {171-188}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-293-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-293-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {moayer, Zib}, title = {A review of evolution on the Sira studies with an emphasis on medina school}, abstract ={Sira studies are formed by traditionists and Hadith transmitters of Medina which  usage prophet s rule as paradigm of Muslims. in this article pointed to the reasons of forbidding from writing the traditions after departure of prophet(p.b.u.h) and also researched the qualitative of starting the biography studies and laconic explanation of masters in this matter in medina school that is given with new division in descriptive –analytical way,  }, Keywords = {biography studies –biographers of prophet-medina school}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {189-204}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-294-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-294-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {HedāyatPanāh, Muhammad-Rez}, title = {Role of Djābir b. Abd Allah Ansāri as shi’ite pioneer of compiling Sirā}, abstract ={Companions of Prophet (Sahāba) as closest characters to him were the most frequent references in compiling Sirā. So, political and social ups and downs of early Islamic period made a great affection on transmission of Sirā narratives. Djābir b. Abd Allah Ansāri, as a close companion to prophet and five Imāms, important character in Medinian society and his great scholar in hadīth and fīqh, had a prominent role in compiling Sirā. This research intends to analyze his role as first Sirā compiler in Islamic history.    }, Keywords = { Djābir b. Abd al Allah Ansāri, Sirā, Companions of Prophet (Sahāba), A’isha, Urwa b. Zubayr}, volume = {5}, Number = {19}, pages = {205-235}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-295-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-295-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2014} }