@article{ author = {Ahmadvand, Fatemeh and Gharachanlo, Hussei}, title = {Investigating the Silk Road from Baghdad to China; (a Case by Case Study of Jungharia)}, abstract ={In the ancient world a system of trade roads was flourished across the vast continent of Asia and which connected China to the frontiers of Roman Empire. This system of roads was later called the Silk Road. After the advent of Islam, significant sections of this road became parts of Islamic world and Muslims started trading through it. Geographically speaking, we can divide three main sections of this system of roads: southern, middle and northern parts. An important part of the northern road was passing from Jungharia. This region was a neighbor of Islamic territory in central Asia, it had a minority of Muslims and it has been known less than the other parts of central Asia for Iranian and Arabic academies. These points added to the importance of the northern road as a part of the Silk Road and its role in the trade of Asia and Islamic world all encouraged us to do this research. This article, relying on existing historical sources and what researches carried out in the field of historical geography of the Islamic world and central Asia, tries to study the historical geography of Jungharia and its trade way’s relationships with the Islamic world. }, Keywords = {Jungharia, Silk Road, Trade, Khorasan, Jungharia’s Khanat (the tribal chief's of Jungharian Territories)}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {5-24}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {EmamiKhoei, Mohammad Taghi}, title = {The common Shrines and some Religious Similarities between Christians, Alavids and Baktashis in Ottomanid Territory}, abstract ={Ottoman empire was a crossroad for different religions and believes with human and divine origins. Also in Asia Minor many examples and samples of great civilizations such as Christianity and Islam could be found. In this article writer tries to study this common heritage and review some similarities between Chiristians, Alavids and Baktashids. The conclusion is that the leaders and greats of religions and mystical sects through synchronizing their beliefs with the local traditions and adapting their myths and rituals, after some primitive struggles tried to reach a compromise point. This process helped them to be accepted by natives and in some cases even they unified shrines of the other religions; these bilateral shrines could be worshiped by followers of different religions in different days of the week who themselves changed some representations.  }, Keywords = {Ottoman, Christians, Alavids, Baktashids, Common believes and shrines}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {25-36}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {HasanZadeh, Esmaeil}, title = {Analyzing Political Behavior of Shiite Clerics Case Study: “forty days Immigration” Phenomenon on 1342}, abstract ={Interrelationship between clerics and government after contacts and modernism phase experienced a totally new climate; interaction and cooperation has been replaced by challenge and confrontation. On this new way clerics used several traditional challenging tools and Immigration was one of these protesting tools against government policies. “forty days immigration” of great Iranian clerics to Tehran and Shahr-e-Rey as a protest to events of 5th May (15 Khordad) and arrest of Ayatollah Khomeini was one the main steps which helped strength and continuity of Islamic movment. This decision made by invention of then Clerics and inspired by successful history of similar tactics.  This article tries to investigate structures and reasons of immigrated clerics and reach a Topologic pattern for political behavior of clerics in that situation. The immigration showed their unified will and their capabilities on gathering political power which stabilized their position as a source of religious and political power and specially Ayatollah Khomeini. Practical existence of different and diversified political ideas and behaviors has clearly appeared during that situation and of course government role in deepening those gaps and creating new frontiers should not be under estimated. Importance of this phenomenon is in its paradoxical features; clerics behavior in that situation however was unified to an outsider but from within had some structural gaps and started a hidden crisis}, Keywords = {Shiite Clerics, Pahlavid’s Government, Immigration, Qom, Shahr-e-Rey, Tehran}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {37-60}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Khezri, seyyed Ahmad Rez}, title = {Hammudids and Shi\'ism in Andalusia}, abstract ={The caliphate of Hammudids was founded by Ali b. Hammud in a part of Andalusia in 407 A.H. Ali whose ancestors were Morocco Idrisids, enjoyed the use of disturbed situation of Umayyad caliphate system due to its corrupted officials and political disorders and arrested SOlayman b. Hakam and after a time,he murdered Solayman and announced himself as the caliph .Since this time, in ups and downs he and some of his brothers and sons and nephews ruled over parts of Andalusia by 449 A.H. Hammudids believed in Shi'ism, however they did not possess collective theological thoughts ,systematic philosophy or  sustainable jurisprudence principles, but they collapsed religious structure of Andalusia in that time  which was on the base of  irrational support from Maliki sec . They gave an opportunity to other sects, specially to the Shi'ite and prepared the least necessary foundation and ground for Shia activity in that land}, Keywords = {Hammudids, Shiism, Andalusia, Umayyads}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {61-76}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {SiamianGorji, Zoheir}, title = {The Genealogy of Cultural Iranism in Iranian-Islamic Historiography Until The Teymurid Era}, abstract ={In the tradition of Islamic general historiography, until the Teymurid  era, a common approach is traceable which could be called Iranian – Islamic historiography. This tradition has been recognized by its criteria of writing texts in Persian and putting ancient Iran history as the beginning of its historiography which fully distinguish this method from general Islamic kind. The reason behind creation of such phenomena was that until 4th century, Frasi-e-Dari as a new Persian language had been born and meant that many new Iranians had turned to Islam. This trend resulted in the progress of a new Iranian notion in content which we would call it cultural Iranism and its footprints has  appeared in common Iranian historiography texts.  After Mogul invasion, Persian became the dominant language of Eastern – Islamic nations and Iran became distinguished from other Islamic countries.  The present paper is an attempt to discover the dominant pattern of Persian historiography and its genealogy until the Teymurid era. The conclusion is that the so called pattern of Iranian – Islamic historiography has always been present.  }, Keywords = {General Islamic historiography, Persian Tarikh-e- Bal'ami, Tarikh-e- Gozideh, Tarikh-e- Kheirat}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {77-102}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {GholamiDehaghi, Ali}, title = {Metamorphosis of Erja\' Theory from First Morje\'a to Pure Morje\'a}, abstract ={Metamorphosis of Erja' Theory from First Morje'a to Pure Morje'aThe Erja' notion first appeared in second Islamic century by some of the Tabean (Subordinates). This idea at first was a reaction to excommunication of Khavaraj and the other intellectual and political affairs in Islamic society but by passing the time it changed. During this metamorphosis Erja' passed by first Morje'a to jurisprudents' erja' and then pure Morje'a which in the end resulted in weakening of the divine laws and spreading of ebahi-gari (believe that everything is permissible). However the first Morje'a insisted on preventing any kind of judgment about Islam great characters and postponing that to Resurrection during so called changes and reached to such a results the indicated belief should be separated from act which has be called jurisprudents' erja'. Even some succeeding Morje'as reached more extreme ideas which ended in weakening the divine law.  This school of thoughts due to lack of any unified manifest has been disappeared as an independent association and got digested between Islamic sects.  Putting this school of thought and its periods and reasons  under spotlight besides of its digestion between majority of society are main purposes of this essay with a analytic and social- historical approach.}, Keywords = { Erja', Metamorphosis, Fist Morje'a, jurisprudents' erja', Pure Morje'a, Exaggeration.}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {103-126}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Naemi, Zohreh}, title = {Religious symbols in Shiite Poems (First to fifth Centuries A.H) Case by Case study on Imam Ali and Imam Hussein (PBUT)}, abstract ={Secrecy and Symbolism is one of the discourses that most of the theoretical sciences and knowledges have shown a special interest in it. Literature as a part of the human sciences enjoys an old and deep association to symbolism and Shiite poems are no exception to this conclusion which shows religious symbols -as one of the common expressions in social-religious studies- has a high rank in Shiite literature. General Religious Symbols in their dual forms ,real and false, have been divided into five classifications alluding to; the saints, holy actions, holy materials or things, holy places and holy occurrences. This study by giving priority to sacred characters in real symbols section and considering time limitations intends to seek and investigate religious symbols pertaining to Imam Ali (PBUH) and Imam Hussein (PBUH) in Shiite poetry from the 1st to 5th centuries A.H. Then these symbols are compared with each other within the period of so-called five centuries and their changes and transformations would be studied. Religious symbols on this article within first to third centuries prone to Alavi's inclinations, while from the end of the third century their tendencies turn towards the tragedy of Imam Hussein and his life.  }, Keywords = {Shiite poetry, Religious symbol, saints, Imam Ali (PBUH), Imam Hussein (PBUH) }, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {127-145}, publisher = {Reserch Center for Islamic History}, url = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.pte.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.pdf}, journal = {A Quarterly Journal of Historical Studies of Islam}, issn = {2228-6713}, eissn = {2228-6713}, year = {2010} }